Movia Public Transport has commissioned FORCE Technology to conduct a study of emissions from diesel fired heaters using conventional B7 diesel (diesel containing 7 vol% of biodiesel), 100% HVO (Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil) and 100% biodiesel (FAME, Fatty Acid Methyl Es-ters). The purpose of this study is to assess to what extend local emissions from diesel heaters in buses may be reduced by using alternative fuels.

The report studies the roles of different stakeholders, such as distribution system operators, charging operators and bus operators, involved in provision of flexible charging for electric buses and the related business models.

Within the framework of the ZeEUS project more than a dozen different organizations and transport companies were contacted and surveyed about their operating experience in funding electric busses and their valuation about the further development of the funding and financing schemes.

The focus lies on design principles for the installation of charging infrastructure both inside and outside of bus depots, as such installations play a major role in implementation projects. Additionally, legal and regulatory aspects connected to the implementation of electric buses are discussed.

This report provides a decision support tree based on analysis of best practice and a process evaluation in nine of the cities. It indicates factors to be taken into consideration at different stages in preparing for electric bus operation.